Media and entertainment central to daily life in the Philippines

Global market research firm Synovate has recently announced the Media Atlas Philippines study results, revealing that the lives of Filipinos revolve around many forms of media and entertainment. While television remains the channel which people spend the most time with, there are striking differences between social classes and age groups. Fifty-seven percent of those aged 15 to 24 access the Internet, as opposed to just 15% of those aged 55 years or older. For those with home Internet access, there has almost been a complete switch to wired and wireless high speed or broadband services, with just 10% still on dial-up systems.

“Access to the Internet is often seen as important for education, business and personal life. Some countries are even considering making access a fundamental right. At this stage, 36% nationwide have Internet access,” says Carole Sarthou, Managing Director of Synovate in the Philippines.

“While 68% of the AB upper socio groups claim to have Internet access, the figures drop to 29% for D socio and 14% for the lowest grade – E socio,” adds Sarthou.

The Philippines has often been described as the SMS capital of the world. Ninety-seven percent of those with mobiles have the ability to send /receive SMS, and the overwhelming majority across all age groups uses it. Other popular features are mobile gaming, taking photos and listening to music.

Filipinos are very social: of those with Internet access, the top activity is communicating with people via email or chat – seven out of ten people do this – and social networking occupies four out of ten online users. Information search is used by 56%, showing how empowering the Internet can be.

Newspapers remain a firm favourite, with 30% of the population reading one or more local language or English titles. Close to one quarter (24%) read magazines.

“Print readers tend to be more upscale, offering good targeting opportunities to advertisers,” comments Steve Garton, Executive Director – Media, Synovate. “English dailies and magazines offer their highest reach into the important Greater Manila Area where higher socio targets are at their most concentrated.”

In terms of other lifestyle characteristics, visiting a sari-sari store remains the first choice for 88% of Filipinos in the past month, followed by seven in ten going to pharmacies /drug stores and wet markets.

“Going shopping and eating out appear to be an established lifestyle. Six out of ten have visited convenience stores, department stores and malls, supermarkets and fast food outlets in the past month,” says Sarthou.

“There are obvious favorites for shoppers in terms of household products. Close to eight in ten now own a DVD player, whilst two-thirds have a refrigerator and washing machine. Many household products are usually found in upscale homes, for example whilst the average for microwave oven ownership is 27%, it is 85% in AB upper socio groups,” continues Sarthou.

About the Synovate Media Atlas Philippines survey

Synovate Media Atlas Philippines Survey covers all major urban areas in the Philippines with an annual sample of 8,000 interviews conducted by a combination of telephone and face to face interviews at the home of the respondents. The fieldwork period for the information provided here is from July 2009 to June 2010.

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How many children do you have?

Focus group in Hongwei village, Haikou City, China

Before the focus group started, Hongwei Village, Haikou City

Refreshments served in Hongwei Village FGD

At the Hainan University in Haikou City, Hainan, China last week, we conducted a seminar on biodiversity and ecosystem services in rice environments. My talk was on “New approaches in communicating science for rural communities”.  In the next two days, we conducted focus group discussions with farmers in two highly diverse rice environments.

That visit to Hainan brought us closer to our research partners and in one bonding moment, I asked one entomologist, “Dr. Cai, how many children do you have?” He replied, “Dr. Moni, that question should not be asked in China because we can only have one child.” There, I was embarrassed to reveal my ignorance considering that I prided myself on having  a grandfather who came from Xiamen.  The key communication principle on knowing the audience remains as an essential guide in intercultural conversations.

David Berlo’s SMCR Model proposes that there are five elements within both the source/encoder and the receiver/decoder which will affect fidelity. For effective communication to occur, one must consider the receivers socio-cultural system as they partly determine the language one uses, the purpose of communicating and the meaning attached to the words used.

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Some communication thesis topics

Chicago Botanic Garden. Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/randz/

With the first semester in full swing, readers have started to ask me for my comments on their thesis topics for submission to their advisers. I came up with a list in one of my recent comments and I’m posting a partial list here to get other students started on a topic. If you’re a reader and have something to share, please post your comments.

  • Impact of ‘tabloidization of news’ in TV Patrol and 24 Oras on awareness of current social issues among the urban poor
  • Tabloidization of online news -a content analysis of news in three news websites in the Philippines – Philstar, Inquirer and Bulletin
  • Impact of media use in the recent presidential elections: the case of the vice presidential candidates
  • Influence of Juana Change videos (Baligtaran and Malaya ang Panahon) on voters’ collective views on corruption and traditional politics
  • Effects of social networking on youth mobilization  in the 2010 presidential elections: the case of “Bayan Mo, Ipatrol Mo, Ako ang Simula”
  • Impact of video games on Filipino grade school kids’ concentration skills
  • Impact of social media on purchasing behavior
  • Influence of rap music on youth aspirations
  • Youth values in Lady Gaga’s Songs: A content analysis
  • Displacement effects of online media on family communication
  • Uses, perceptions and displacement effects of online news
  • Children and Internet use: perceptions of advertising and functional displacement
  • Teenage life online: The impact of texting on interpersonal relationships
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Who is Marshall McLuhan?

Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980)

When I was an undergrad student of mass communication, among our must-read books were those of Marshall McLuhan. The reading assignment spanned through graduate school where I had the chance to buy his books at the University of Hawaii book store.  Who is Marshall McLuhan and what is his relevance to communication students today?

Marshall McLuhan was the chief theorist of mass communications in our time. He probed and he predicted trends. The study of mass communications became a central part of contemporary culture. His ideas stimulated thousands of artists, intellectuals and journalists throughout the world and continue to do so. McLuhan’s book “Understanding Media” (1964) focuses on understanding the media effects that permeate society and culture, but his starting point is always the individual, because he defines media as technological extensions of the body.

Besides Understanding Media, which explored the way electronic media reflect and influence modern civilization, his best known works include the earlier Gutenberg Galaxy (1963, in which he introduced the phrase “global village” as a metaphor for contemporary society, The “Mechanical Bride” (1951) and “The Medium is the Massage”. Today such McLuhan terms as “sensory impact,” “the global village,” and “the medium is the message” have become part of the language.  Continue reading

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Planning a Communication Strategy for Ecological Engineering

Flower of squash planted on rice bunds. Photo credit: Nalinee (Phitsanulok Rice Research Center)

Flowers on rice bunds - a source of nectar to insects. Photo credit: Nalinee (Phitsanulok Rice Research Center)

The ADB-IRRI Rice Planthopper Project focuses on developing sustainable ways to reduce the vulnerability of rice production to pre harvest losses due to planthopper outbreaks. Relying on resistant varieties is insufficient and many pesticides tend to favor planthoppers, which are secondary pests that develop well when ecosystem services are compromised.  The project has been promoting ecological engineering concepts and developing techniques that will restore biodiversity and ecosystem services.

How can we simplify and communicate ecological engineering to rice farmers?  At a workshop  we organized in My Tho city, Vietnam, some 35 plant protection and extension experts developed a strategy and prototype materials to communicate ecological engineering to farmers.  To develop the strategy, partners reviewed results of a baseline survey and farmer participatory research on ecological engineering. This review was needed to identify farmers knowledge and attitude gaps to be addressed by the multi-media campaign.  Continue reading

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Does Mobile Phone Use Displace Other Media-Related Activities?

by
Anna Lourdes C. Javier
BS Development Communication 2010
Visayas State University

Anna Lourdes Javier texting on her mobile phone

To better understand displacement effects, time spent on the nine media-related (internet, watching television, sending text messages, reading newspapers, calling using the mobile phone and listening to radio) and interpersonal activities (playing sports, interacting with family members and socializing with friends face-to-face) were determined. These nine activities were chosen because they are deemed important for the cognitive, social, and physical development of students. The total time spent on the nine activities per week ranged from 18 to 396 hours (M=123, SD=77.52). The time spent on the five media activities (M=79.5, SD=52.22) comprised almost two-thirds (0.64) of total activity time. The total time spent on interpersonal activities (M=43.5, SD=40.82), made up about a third (0.35) of total activity time.

All of the respondents experienced a change (whether a decrease or increase) in their use of other media after they got a mobile phone. In this study, displacement effects is defined as the extent to which respondents report a decrease, increase and neither increase or decrease in specific media-related and interpersonal interaction activities, as a result of their mobile phone use. Of the nine activities mentioned above, only newspaper reading (60%) and landline use (76%) decreased as the respondents use their mobile phone, clearly showing displacement effects for the two activities. A very close third is television viewing (49%). On the other hand, mobile phone use did not displace the time spent on the other activities such as internet use, radio listening and sending email. Interestingly, only for one interpersonal activity, socializing with friends face to face outside of school, did respondents report an increase in time spent as a result of mobile phone use. According to respondents this is because the mobile phone lets them easily communicate with their friends so that they can arrange gatherings and outings. Table 2 below details the respondents’ reported effects of mobile phone use on time spent on the activities. Continue reading

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How to measure rural-urban differences in risk perception on melamine milk contamination

by
Naji N. Juntilla
BSDC 2010
Visayas State University

Interviewing a woman farmer, Jinhua, China. Photo credit: Zhu Zeng Rong (ZU)

For my recent undergraduate thesis, I measured rural-urban differences in risk perception among mothers on the melamine milk contamination issue. Risk perception refers to the extent to which people believe they are vulnerable to a particular outcome (e.g., cancer), and perceived efficacy, or the extent that people believed they are able to take action to avoid the outcome. The statements used to measure severity of threat, susceptibility to threat, response efficacy and self-efficacy were adapted from the questionnaire on risk perceptions of infectious diseases (de Zwart, 2009).  This covered the following:

  1. Severity of threat – refers to an individual’s perception of the seriousness or significance of a threat (e.g. Is contracting HIV serious?). Respondents’ perceived severity was measured through a semantic differential scale.
  2. Susceptibility to threat– refers to an individual’s perception of the likelihood of contracting the diseases or being adversely affected by the occurrence of a threat (e.g. Are you at-risk for contracting HIV?).  Respondents’ susceptibility to threat was measured through a semantic differential scale.
  3. Response efficacy – refers to the perceived effectiveness of the recommended response in averting the threat or preventive behavior (e.g.  Do you think condoms prevent transmission of HIV? Response efficacy was measured using a 5-point Likert scale.
  4. Self-efficacy – refers to the individual’s perceived ability to perform the recommended response (e.g. Do you think you can use condom to prevent HIV?). Self-efficacy was measured using a 5-point Likert scale, as follows:

Strongly disagree – 1
Disagree               – 2
No opinion            -3
Agree                   – 4
Strongly agree      - 5

Here are some sections of the research instrument I adapted from de Zwart (2009) to measure risk perceptions:  Continue reading

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From oral history to online family history – a wedding website

Bob-Mari wedding website (http://bob-mari.com/

In communication science, we often lament the loss of historical information due to the lack of systematic documentation of events and critical incidents.  In the days of old, children used to listen to their grandparents recount stories about what happened to them during the Japanese Occupation or World War II  that did not find their way in history books. That is called oral history. Details of oral histories often get levelled or sharpened over time. With the advent of ICTs, there is a way to keep and preserve a family history or stories using digital tools.

While photographs are now kept and shared using image hosts such as photobucket, Flickr, ImageShack, AllYouCanUpload, ImageVenue, TinyPic, and even Facebook, a welcome innovation is a wedding website. Such a website is an excellent documentation of the wedding which pulls together details of the nuptials, photos, video, music, motif, and messages. Such a start-up website can evolve into a family blog that will document a couple’s life history, children, travel, work, hobbies, friends, etc.

Those of us who may find a wedding website appealing but don’t know the technical details in creating a website, may contact Jojo Agot at mail@jojoagot.com.  Jojo is a versatile development communication professional who developed the Bob-Mari wedding website.

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